A bimonthly magazine of history, culture, and politics.

<em>Gustave Caillebotte</em>. The Floor Scrapers, <em>1875. Musée D’Orsay, Paris.</em>

Caillebotte-Scrapers

By RICHARD SCHNEIDER on February 12, 2023

RICHARD SCHNEIDER

March-April 2025
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‘Warm Brothers’ in 18th-c. Berlin

In 1782, an Austrian officer reported on a network of depraved but sophisticated well-heeled men, a whole clandestine subculture organized around a specific social identity.

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The House That Hirschfeld Built

Magnus Hirschfeld qualified as a doctor in 1892, when Berlin was the host to a fledgling gay subculture.

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A Sacred Order for Sexual Outsiders

George Cecil Ives founded the Order of Chaeronea in 1897, named after the site of the battle fought by the Sacred Band of Thebes, made up entirely of male lovers.

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Uranian Women, Unite!

With her speech to the Scientific Humanitarian Committee in 1904, Anna Rüling became the first known lesbian activist.
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